Spreading Bad Software is Immoral

29. September, 2017

From Fefe’s Internet Security Days keynote:

Schlechte Software zu verbreiten ist unmoralisch.

Translation: Spreading sloppy software is immoral. It’s like producing waste and dumping it into a river. Properly handling would be expensive, illegal dumping saves money and turns it into a SEP.

Writing sloppy software is similar. Instead of investing time into doing it right, you try to externalize costs: The client will somehow (have to) deal with it. They either have to pay you to make it better the second time or they have to spend time and nerves every day to work around shortcomings.

When we see someone dump toxic waste in a forest, most people are outraged. The same people, when they are managers of a software company, sign contracts that define the delivery date of something before knowing the requirements. Software developers, desperately trying to feel and look competent, shout “Done!” only to collapse into a morose heap of self-pity after a minimum of poking what this “done” really means.

Fefe is arguing that doing it right is as expensive as doing it sloppily. I have the same hunch. I’ve seen numbers on the  Standish Group Chaos Report (alt: Wikipedia, German) which gives a good indication how much failing projects cost: Around 20% are a total waste of money since they are eventually killed, 52% cost twice as much, only 30% make it in time, in budget and with the promised feature set (note: I bet at least half of those 30% made it because the feature set was reduced/readjusted during the project).

If you assume that in 2014, $250 billion was spent on software development in the US, that means cost of $50 billion on failed projects alone. That is our money. Your’s and mine. Companies don’t magically get money, they sell products and each wasted project eventually means additional figures on some price tag in a shop.

Then we have $125 billion which should have been $62 billion but another $62 billion was necessary to make it to the finishing line. It’s a harder to tell how much of that is wasted. You can’t count projects that were simply underestimated or feature creep – additional features cost additional money, so it’s out of budget but not wasted. Let’s assume $10 billion (less than 10% waste overall) in this group.

In a perfect world, that would mean we could spend 24% ($60 billion out of $250) more on software quality without any additional cost.

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Good and Bad Tests

16. January, 2017

How do you distinguish good from bad tests in your code?

Check these criteria. Good tests

  • Nail down expectations
  • Monitor assumptions
  • Help to locate the cause of a failure
  • Document usage patterns
  • Allow to change code
  • Allow to verify changes
  • Are short (LOC + time)

Bad tests

  • Waste development time
  • Execute many, many lines of code
  • Prevent code changes
  • Need more time to write than the code they test
  • Need a lot of code to set up
  • Take ages to execute
  • Are hard to run

Expectations

There are a lot of checks in your compiler. Those help to catch mistakes you make. Do the same with your tests. There are a lot of things that compilers don’t check: File encodings, existence of files, existence of config options, types of config options.

Use tests to nail down your expectations. Read config files and validate the odd option.

Create a test which collects the whole configuration of your program and checks it against a known state. Check that each config option is set only once (or at least that it has the same value in all places).

When you need to translate your texts, add tests which make sure that you have all the texts that you need, that texts are unique, etc.

Assumptions

Convention over configuration only works when everyone agrees what the convention is. Conventions are assumptions. Your brain has to know them since they are no longer in the code. If this approach fails for you, write a test that validates your assumptions.

Check that code throws the exceptions that you expect.

If you have found a bug in a framework and added a workaround, add a test which fails when the bug is fixed. Add a comment “If this test fails, you can remove the workaround.”

Speed

The world speeds up. No one can afford slow tests, tests that are hard to understand, hard to maintain, tests that get in the way of Get-Things-Done™. Make sure you can run your tests at the touch of a button. Make sure they never fail unless they should. Make sure they fail when they should. Make sure they are small (= execute fast, few lines to understand, little code to write, easy to change, cheap to delete). Ten tests, each asserting a single fact, are better than one test that asserts ten facts. If your tests run for more than ten seconds, you lose.

Documentation

There is code rot. But long before that, there is documentation rot. Who has time to update the comments and documentation after a code change?

Why not document code usage in tests? Tests tell you the Truth™. Why give someone 100 pages of words they can’t trust when you can give them 100 unit tests they can execute?

Conclusion

Make your life easier. Stop wasting time in your debugger, begging for production log files, running code in your head. Write a good test today, it will watch your back for as long as the project lives. Write a thousand good tests and they will be like an army of angels, warding you from suffering, every time you press that button.


Quality in Software

19. November, 2016

Every software developer has seen too much bad code. Which raises the question what good examples are there?

Python, for one. Coverity, which scans software for all kinds of flaws, ranks the quality of Python among the best. Just 0.005 defects per 1,000 lines of code (the average being between 15/kloc and 50/kloc).


Open Source As Good As Proprietary Software

28. February, 2012

The Coverity Scan 2011 Open Source Integrity Report (registration necessary) says: “Open source quality is on par with proprietary code quality, particularly in cases where codebases are of similar size.”

Which isn’t that surprising considering that it’s the same people who write both.

But there are a couple of hard number in the report which are interesting:

Linux 2.6 has about 0.62 defects per 1000 lines of code (KLOC) which Coverity says “is roughly identical to that of its proprietary codebase counterparts.” They can’t tell names but I guess the counterparts are Windows and Mac OS X. They have 0.64 defects per KLOC.

The industry average is 1.0 defects per KLOC which matches well with my (more anecdotal) knowledge that the best software developers make about 3-4 mistakes per KLOC of which 75% are found during development.


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